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Category: Neurodiversity

The Social Model and the Mainstream School

The Social Model and the Mainstream School

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Anyone who reads this blog regularly has probably noticed by now that I spend a lot of time talking about educational placement.  It is a very important topic, because the suitability of an educational placement is going to have a major influence on an individual’s future.  I certainly believe that my successful placement in a distance-learning high school program is responsible for many of my own achievements in adulthood. Basically, my opinion about educational placement is that we need choices. …

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Neurodiversity and “Levels of Functioning”

Neurodiversity and “Levels of Functioning”

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Many people seem to have adopted a curious middle-ground in the neurodiversity debate: many of us will readily concede that so-called “high-functioning” autistic people should be considered within the neurodiversity paradigm, but will still argue that the pathology paradigm should be applied to so-called “low-functioning” people.  We’ll concede that “high-functioning” autistics represent a valuable form of human diversity and that they should be accepted for who they are, but we’ll keep looking for a “cure” to so-called “low-functioning” autism. I…

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The Misrepresentation of Neurodiversity

The Misrepresentation of Neurodiversity

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I’ve previously argued that the pathology paradigm is in crisis and that the neurodiversity paradigm is ready to replace the obsolete pathology paradigm.  I’ve argued that we’re in a period of paradigm shift.  And I stand by those words.  However, there one more thing that we have to do before the paradigms can shift: we have to agree on what the pathology and neurodiversity paradigms are. Paradigms are grand theories that dictate the fundamental assumptions we use to approach some…

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Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Why Do Some People Believe?

Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Why Do Some People Believe?

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There are still people who believe in the most bizarre “cures” for autism.  We see stories about the continued use of chelation (which reportedly has the rather nasty side-effect of occasionally killing people) and bleach “MMS” (ditto).  Some of these complementary and alternative treatment approaches seem so utterly bizarre as to be completely devoid of any vestiges of logic, reason, or science: I once had a parent earnestly tell me that giant magnets under her autistic child’s bed were essential…

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Autism Spectrum Development

Autism Spectrum Development

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What term should we use to describe autism? To be clear, I’m perfectly happy to just say “autism” and “autistic”.  I’m all for identity-first language.  However, I also recognize that some people will want to keep a technical, fancy term around – and if we’re going to have a technical term, we should at least try to make it a good one. The current convention is, of course, “Autism Spectrum Disorder.”  This language of “disorder” is extremely unhelpful.  Autistic people…

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The Social Model and Neurodiversity

The Social Model and Neurodiversity

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A while ago, I described my view of what the neurodiversity paradigm means.  In that post, my ideas owe some very clear debts not only to others who have thought about the concept of neurodiversity, but also to the thinkers who developed the social model of disability. Indeed, in Judy Singer’s new introduction to the original thesis (1998/2016) which she used to propose the idea of neurodiversity, she credits the social model with providing the “framework” of the thesis.  However,…

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Silos and Echo Chambers in the World of Autism

Silos and Echo Chambers in the World of Autism

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Since the 1960s, numerous social psychology studies have shown that people in echo chambers become more extreme in their shared views.  This finding is important enough that it has a name: the group polarization effect.  This can be positive or negative, depending on the group: when people who aren’t racist get together with other non-racists, everybody gets even less racist, but when people who are a bit racist get together with other racists, they become more racist (Myers & Bishop,…

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The Roots of Oppression: Threat, Disgust, and Disablement

The Roots of Oppression: Threat, Disgust, and Disablement

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I think there are about three major strategies that people have used to justify violence and oppression in human societies: threat, disgust, and disablement.[1] Threat is a pretty straightforward one.  We take a group of people and construct them as threatening Others (with a capital “O”): people who are not like us and who are threatening to us.  We come to believe that those Other people are violent, dangerous, and savage. Whenever we feel that we are threatened by some…

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On Neurodiversity: Or, How to Help People without Calling Them Broken (Part II)

On Neurodiversity: Or, How to Help People without Calling Them Broken (Part II)

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The Neurodiversity Paradigm In Part I of this post, we discussed how the pathology paradigm (Walker, 2013) is failing under the weight of the anomalies that beset it.  We concluded that it was time to find a new paradigm.  The emerging rival to the pathology paradigm is the neurodiversity paradigm. Judy Singer (1998/2016), who is generally accepted to have coined the term “neurodiversity,” asked: “Why not appropriate metaphors based on biodiversity, for instance, to advance the causes of people with…

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On Neurodiversity: Or, How to Help People without Calling Them Broken (Part I)

On Neurodiversity: Or, How to Help People without Calling Them Broken (Part I)

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The Pathology Paradigm Most of us have a basic idea of how psychological interventions work.  The “disordered” person has a deficit, a deficiency.  We intervene to eliminate or reduce the deficit, improving the “disordered” person’s ability to function in the world.  Ultimately, we want to eliminate the “disorder” entirely if possible.  It’s neat and logical.  We can refer to this set of ideas and assumptions as the pathology paradigm (see Walker, 2013). There’s also a number of serious problems with…

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